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Penaloza says that a biological advantage viruses and bacteria have over fungi is that they replicate much faster — enabling them to spread more easily. “It depends on the virus, of course ...
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Infectious diseases are caused by biological agents such as pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) as well as parasites. Basic forms of germ theory were proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762.
Plant pathogens, organisms that cause infectious plant diseases, include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. [2] In most plant pathosystems, virulence depends on hydrolases and enzymes that degrade the cell wall.
Plants can play host to a wide range of pathogen types, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and even other plants. [35] Notable plant viruses include the papaya ringspot virus , which has caused millions of dollars of damage to farmers in Hawaii and Southeast Asia, [ 36 ] and the tobacco mosaic virus which caused scientist Martinus ...
Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer. [143] [144] Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus can lead to tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia. [145] Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers of cervix, skin, anus, and penis. [146]
As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. [12] Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Yes: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) Human parainfluenza virus infection Under research [19] [20] Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection Under research [21] [22] Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta: Hymenolepiasis: Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites