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In the four primary schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and the two primary schools of Shi'a fiqh, certain types of crimes mandate capital punishment. Qisas In the case of death, sharia gives the murder victim's nearest relative or Wali ( ولي ) a right to, if the court approves, take the life of the killer.
Tazir punishment is for actions which are considered sinful in Islam, undermine the Muslim community, or threaten public order during Islamic rule, but those that are not punishable as hadd or qisas crimes. [26] The legal restrictions on the exercise of that power are not specified in the Quran or the Hadiths, and vary. [3]
Although stoning for zina is not mentioned in the Quran, all schools of traditional jurisprudence agreed on the basis of hadith that it is to be punished by stoning if the offender is muhsan (adult, free, Muslim, and married or previously married). Lashing is the penalty for offenders who are not muhsan, i.e. they do not meet all of the above ...
As well as corporal punishment, some Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran use other kinds of physical penalties such as amputation or mutilation. [54] [55] [56] However, the term "corporal punishment" has since the 19th century usually meant caning, flagellation or bastinado rather than those other types of physical penalty.
[140] [141] [142] Various fiqhs (schools of jurisprudence) of Islam have different punishment for blasphemy, depending on whether blasphemer is Muslim or non-Muslim, man or woman. [138] The punishment can be fines, imprisonment, flogging, amputation, hanging, or beheading. [143] [144] Muslim clerics may call for the punishment of an alleged ...
Originally the Concept of Justice within the Qur’an was a broad term that applied to the individual. Over time, Islamic thinkers thought to unify political, legal and social justice which made Justice a major interpretive theme within the Qur'an. Justice can be seen as the exercise of reason and free will or the practice of judgment and responsibility.
Corporal punishment and amputation for crimes are a common way of punishing a criminal in Ziaist ideology. For example, stealing is punished by amputation of the left hand. [ 17 ] While flogging is used for the crimes of rape, [ 18 ] adultery, and protesting for freedom of the press.
[57] [58] It is claimed that the Shia had more than 1,000 hadiths ascribed to the Shia Imams which indicate the distortion of the Quran [59] and according to Etan Kohlberg, this belief about Quran was common among Shiites in the early centuries of Islam. [60] In his view, Ibn Babawayh was the first major Twelver author "to adopt a position ...