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Autoimmune - Autoimmune disease is an abnormal immune response to specific body protein or other biomolecular target, such as one of the muscles. The three main types of idiopathic myositis (known as inflammatory myopathies) that typically test positive for autoantibodies are dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. [4]
Distal muscular dystrophy, also called distal myopathy, is essentially any muscle disease that preferentially affects the hands and/or feet, a much less common pattern than proximal muscle weakness. Late adult-onset type 1; Late adult-onset type 2a; Late adult-onset type 2b; Early adult-onset type 1; Early adult-onset type 2; Early adult-onset ...
The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell. Dystrophin is an integral part of the muscular structure.
In terms of the prognosis of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy in its mildest form, affected individuals have near-normal muscle strength and function. LGMD isn't typically a fatal disease, though it may eventually weaken the heart and respiratory muscles, leading to illness or death due to secondary disorders.
The disease is characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of both proximal muscles (located on or close to the torso) and distal muscles (close to hands or feet), most apparent in the finger flexors and knee extensors. [3] IBM is often confused with an entirely different class of diseases, called hereditary inclusion body ...
Myositis ossificans comprises two syndromes characterized by heterotopic ossification (calcification) of muscle. The World Health Organization, 2020, has grouped myositis ossificans together with fibro-osseous pseudotumor of digits as a single specific entity in the category of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors .
Certain diseases can cause a complex muscle wasting syndrome known as cachexia. It is commonly seen in cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and AIDS although it is associated with many disease processes, usually with a significant inflammatory component.
[3] [5] Some of the muscle breakdown products, such as the protein myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and can cause acute kidney injury. [7] [3] The muscle damage is most usually caused by a crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, or a substance use disorder. [3]