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XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome. [1] There are usually few symptoms. [2] These may include being taller than average and an increased risk of learning disabilities. [1] [2] The person is generally otherwise normal, including typical rates of fertility. [1]
In most mammals, sex is determined by presence of the Y chromosome. This makes individuals with XXY and XYY karyotypes males, and individuals with X and XXX karyotypes females. [1] In the 1930s, Alfred Jost determined that the presence of testosterone was required for Wolffian duct development in the male rabbit. [6]
The presentation of XYYY syndrome is variable and at this time not entirely clear. As all known cases were diagnosed postnatally (after birth), and the similar XYY syndrome is known to have a milder phenotype in prenatally than postnatally diagnosed cases, it is suspected that many cases of XYYY syndrome may be mild or asymptomatic.
However, the experimental design had many flaws, including small sample sizes, biased sampling, and poor definition of the phenotype "aggression", resulted in the mischaracterization of XYY individuals as aggressive and violent criminals, which led the path for many biased studies on height-selected, institutionalised XYY individuals in the ...
48,XXYY syndrome is a condition related to the X and Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes). People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell.Two of the 46 chromosomes, known as X and Y, are called sex chromosomes because they help determine whether a person will develop male or female sex characteristics.
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex.
Unfortunately, many science and medicine textbooks quickly and uncritically incorporated the initial, incorrect assumptions about XYY and aggression—including psychology textbooks on aggression. [6] The XYY genotype first gained wide notoriety in 1968 when it was raised as a part of a defense in two murder trials in Australia and France.
For example, the white point of an sRGB display is an x, y chromaticity of (0.3127, 0.3290), where x and y coordinates are used in the xyY space. (u′, v′), the chromaticity in CIELUV, is a fairly perceptually uniform presentation of the chromaticity as (another than in CIE 1931) planar Euclidean shape.