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Simple liver cysts are seen most commonly in women and kids. [2] In terms of pathophysiology, they are formed in response to developmental events and in response to trauma and inflammation. [ 2 ] In addition, liver cysts can be seen with polycystic kidney disease and echinococcosis infection ( hydatid disease ).
The first symptoms typically include fever, intermittent abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver.Occasionally, yellow discoloration of the skin occurs. [4] Caroli disease usually occurs in the presence of other diseases, such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cholangitis, gallstones, biliary abscess, sepsis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, and cholangiocarcinoma (7% affected). [2]
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. [1] PLD is commonly seen in association with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, with a prevalence of 1 in 400 to 1000, and accounts for 8–10% of all cases of end-stage renal disease. [2]
Liver damage is also a clinical feature of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency [11] and glycogen storage disease type II. [12] In transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, the liver produces a mutated transthyretin protein which has severe neurodegenerative or cardiopathic effects. Liver transplantation can be curative.
A cavernous liver hemangioma or hepatic hemangioma is a benign tumor of the liver composed of large vascular spaces lined by monolayer hepatic endothelial cells. It is the most common benign liver tumour, and is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on radiological imaging or during laparotomy for other intra-abdominal issues.
Hepatocellular adenoma (also known as hepatic adenoma or hepadenoma) is a rare, benign liver tumor. It most commonly occurs in people with elevated systemic levels of estrogen , classically in women taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptive medication.
Only 30% of cysts disappear with medical treatment alone. Albendazole is preferred twice a day for 1–5 months. [39] An alternative to albendazole is mebendazole for at least 3 to 6 months. Surgery is indicated for bigger liver cysts (> 10 cm), cysts at risk of rupture and/or complicated cysts.
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.