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  2. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    The square root of 2 (approximately 1.4142) is the positive real number that, ... Square root of 2 is irrational, a collection of proofs; Haran, Brady (27 Jan 2012).

  3. Irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

    Here is a proof by contradiction that log 2 3 is irrational (log 2 3 ≈ 1.58 > 0). Assume log 2 3 is rational. For some positive integers m and n, we have

  4. Gelfond–Schneider constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfond–Schneider_constant

    Part of the seventh of Hilbert's twenty-three problems posed in 1900 was to prove, or find a counterexample to, the claim that a b is always transcendental for algebraic a ≠ 0, 1 and irrational algebraic b. In the address he gave two explicit examples, one of them being the Gelfond–Schneider constant 22.

  5. Transcendental number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number

    Hence, the set of real numbers consists of non-overlapping sets of rational, algebraic irrational, and transcendental real numbers. [3] For example, the square root of 2 is an irrational number, but it is not a transcendental number as it is a root of the polynomial equation x 22 = 0.

  6. Proof that π is irrational - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_π_is_irrational

    In the 1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert was the first to prove that the number π is irrational, meaning it cannot be expressed as a fraction /, where and are both integers. In the 19th century, Charles Hermite found a proof that requires no prerequisite knowledge beyond basic calculus .

  7. Irrationality measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality_measure

    Rational numbers have irrationality exponent 1, while (as a consequence of Dirichlet's approximation theorem) every irrational number has irrationality exponent at least 2. On the other hand, an application of Borel-Cantelli lemma shows that almost all numbers, including all algebraic irrational numbers , have an irrationality exponent exactly ...

  8. Proof by contradiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction

    The classic proof that the square root of 2 is irrational is a refutation by contradiction. [11] Indeed, we set out to prove the negation ¬ ∃ a, b ∈ . a/b = √ 2 by assuming that there exist natural numbers a and b whose ratio is the square root of two, and derive a contradiction.

  9. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]