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Obstetrics and gynaecology (also spelled as obstetrics and gynecology; abbreviated as Obs and Gynae, O&G, OB-GYN and OB/GYN [a]) is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) and gynaecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system ...
It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN). The term comes from Greek and means ' the science of women '. [1] [2] Its counterpart is andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the male reproductive system. [3]
Long-term and permanent nulliparity (/ ˌ n ʌ l ɪ ˈ p ær ɪ t i /) are risk factors for breast cancer. For instance, a meta-analysis, published in 1990, of 8 population-based studies in the Nordic countries found that never giving birth was associated with a 30% increase in the risk of breast cancer compared with females who have given ...
Gynecology developed as a new and separate field of study from obstetrics, focusing on the curing of illness and indispositions of female sexual organs, [110] encompassing conditions such as menopause, uterine and cervical problems, and tissue damage as a result of childbirth.
Consequently, organizations were developed to focus on these emerging medical practices, and in 1991, the First International Congress of Perinatal Medicine was held, at which the World Association of Perinatal Medicine was founded. [2] Today, maternal-fetal medicine specialists can be found in major hospitals internationally.
Dilation (or dilatation) and curettage (D&C) refers to the dilation (widening or opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of sections and/or layers of the lining of the uterus and or contents of the uterus such as an unwanted fetus (early abortion before 13 weeks), remains of a non-viable fetus, retained placenta after birth or abortion as well as any abnormal tissue which may be in the ...
Abbreviation Meaning G: gravidity (total number of pregnancies, successful or not) guanosine: G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase: GA: general anaesthesia gestational age: GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid: GABHS: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus: GACI Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy: GAD: Generalized anxiety disorder: GAF ...
The bimanual component of the pelvic examination allows the examiner to feel ("palpate" in medical terms) the structures of the pelvis, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, and adnexae (structures adjacent to the uterus, which include the ovaries and any adnexal masses). [22] [23] The bimanual exam traditionally occurs after the speculum is ...