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In astronomy or planetary science, the frost line, also known as the snow line or ice line, is the minimum distance from the central protostar of a solar nebula where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to condense into solid grains, which will allow their accretion into planetesimals.
Because the frost line accumulated large amounts of water via evaporation from infalling icy material, it created a region of lower pressure that increased the speed of orbiting dust particles and halted their motion toward the Sun. In effect, the frost line acted as a barrier that caused the material to accumulate rapidly at ~5 AU from the Sun.
The cores range in mass from a fraction to several times that of the Sun and are called protostellar (protosolar) nebulae. [2] They possess diameters of 0.01–0.1 pc (2,000–20,000 AU) and a particle number density of roughly 10,000 to 100,000 cm −3. [a] [35] [37] The initial collapse of a solar-mass protostellar nebula takes around 100,000 ...
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Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10 7) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10 −6) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is 5.2 AU from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is 30 AU ...
When considering where to put your money for retirement, you may have to choose between an IRA and an annuity.These financial “vehicles” are set up to ensure guaranteed income down the road ...
In a Facebook post Tuesday night, the George County Sheriff's Office urged the public to be cautious. "He will be desperate and very very dangerous. Call your family and alert them. Send messages ...
The boundary of the region where ice could form in the early Solar System is known as the frost line (or snow line), and is located in the modern asteroid belt, between about 2.7 and 3.1 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. [23] [24] It is therefore necessary that objects forming beyond the frost line–such as comets, trans-Neptunian objects ...