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  2. Confounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding

    Case-control studies assign confounders to both groups, cases and controls, equally. For example, if somebody wanted to study the cause of myocardial infarct and thinks that the age is a probable confounding variable, each 67-year-old infarct patient will be matched with a healthy 67-year-old "control" person.

  3. Control variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_variable

    A variable in an experiment which is held constant in order to assess the relationship between multiple variables [a], is a control variable. [2] [3] A control variable is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment because its unchanging state allows better understanding of the relationship between the other variables being tested.

  4. Controlling for a variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_for_a_variable

    For example, if an outdoor experiment were to be conducted to compare how different wing designs of a paper airplane (the independent variable) affect how far it can fly (the dependent variable), one would want to ensure that the experiment is conducted at times when the weather is the same, because one would not want weather to affect the ...

  5. Cohort study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_study

    An example of an epidemiological question that can be answered using a cohort study is whether exposure to X (say, smoking) associates with outcome Y (say, lung cancer). For example, in 1951, the British Doctors Study was started. Using a cohort which included both smokers (the exposed group) and non-smokers (the unexposed group).

  6. Propensity score matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity_score_matching

    Choose appropriate confounders (variables hypothesized to be associated with both treatment and outcome) Obtain an estimation for the propensity score: predicted probability p or the log odds, log[p/(1 − p)]. 2. Match each participant to one or more nonparticipants on propensity score, using one of these methods: Nearest neighbor matching

  7. Netflix stock recovers from losses after technical glitches ...

    www.aol.com/finance/netflix-stock-recovers...

    Netflix's highly anticipated boxing event between Mike Tyson and Jake Paul experienced multiple technical glitches, leading to investor concerns over the company's ability to broadcast live events.

  8. Convicted felons, such as Trump, can get permits to enter ...

    www.aol.com/convicted-felons-trump-permits-enter...

    The claim: Donald Trump can't travel to Canada because he is a convicted felon. A Dec. 3 Threads post (direct link, archive link) offers a theory as to why Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau ...

  9. Spurious relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurious_relationship

    Graphical model: Whereas a mediator is a factor in the causal chain (top), a confounder is a spurious factor incorrectly implying causation (bottom). In statistics, a spurious relationship or spurious correlation [1] [2] is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are associated but not causally related, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third ...