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The Urartian pantheon seems to have comprised a diverse mix of Hurrian, Akkadian, Armenian, and Hittite deities. [88] Starting with the reign of Ishpuini, the Urartian pantheon was headed by a triad made up of Ḫaldi (the supreme god), Theispas (Teisheba, god of thunder and storms, as well as sometimes war), and Shivini (a solar god). Their ...
Urartian cuneiform inscription at the Erebuni Museum (Yerevan). Urartian or Vannic [14] is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu (Biaini or Biainili in Urartian), (it was also called Nairi), which was centered on the region around Lake Van and had its capital, Tushpa, near the site of the modern town of Van in the Armenian ...
The expansion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under Shalmaneser III included the vassalisation of Gilzan. Map of Urartu between 735 BC and 715 BC , Gilzan is shown west of Lake Urmia . Gilzan or the kingdom of Gilzan , also known as Gilzanu , was a late Bronze Age and early Iron Age kingdom in the ancient near east , lying between the ancient great ...
Sarduri II 763 BC–735 BC; maximum expansion; zenith of Urartian power. Rusa I (also Rusas, Ursa) 735 BC–714 BC; Assyrian and Cimmerian attacks. Melartua (714) briefly served as king after his father's defeat, subsequently killed by Urartian nobles; Argishti II 714–680 BC; Rusa II (known to Assyrian king as Yaya or Iaya) 680 BC–639 BC
Modern reproductions of the ancient wall-paintings at Erebuni Fortress. Erebuni was founded by Urartian King Argishti I (r. c. 785 –753 BC) in 782 BC. [4] It was built on top of a hill called Arin Berd overlooking the Aras River Valley to serve as a military stronghold to protect the kingdom's northern borders. [5]
Attempt to reconstruct the fortress of Teishebaini. Architecture of Urartu was a method of constructing and creating spatial structures characteristic of Urartian culture, an Iron Age civilization in Anatolia, west Asia, encompassing the organization of space used by the inhabitants of Urartu, as well as the planning of cities, settlements, and individual buildings.
Tushpa (Armenian: Տոսպ, Տուշպա֊Վան Tosp, Tushpa-Van, Akkadian: Turuspa, from Urartian tur-, to destroy i.e. victorious) was the 9th-century BC capital of Urartu, later becoming known as Van which is derived from Biainili, the native name of Urartu.
It overlooks the ruins of Tushpa, the ancient Urartian capital during the 9th century, which was centered upon the steep-sided bluff where the fortress now sits. A number of similar fortifications were built throughout the Urartian kingdom, usually cut into hillsides and outcrops in places where modern-day Armenia, Turkey and Iran meet ...