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  2. Heliosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere

    Just as some interstellar pressure was detected as early as 2004, some of the Sun's material seeps into the interstellar medium. [47] The heliosphere is thought to reside in the Local Interstellar Cloud inside the Local Bubble , which is a region in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy .

  3. Gravitational compression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_compression

    The Sun and other main-sequence stars are produced by the initial gravitational collapse of a molecular cloud. Assuming the mass of the material is large enough, gravitational compression reduces the size of the core, increasing its temperature until hydrogen fusion can begin.

  4. Sun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

    The Sun is 1.4 million kilometers (4.643 light-seconds) wide, about 109 times wider than Earth, or four times the Lunar distance, and contains 99.86% of all Solar System mass. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that makes up about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. [26]

  5. Hydrostatic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium

    A hydrostatic balance is a particular balance for weighing substances in water. Hydrostatic balance allows the discovery of their specific gravities . This equilibrium is strictly applicable when an ideal fluid is in steady horizontal laminar flow, and when any fluid is at rest or in vertical motion at constant speed.

  6. Atmospheric circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation

    The rising air creates a low pressure zone near the equator. As the air moves poleward, it cools, becomes denser, and descends at about the 30th parallel, creating a high-pressure area. The descended air then travels toward the equator along the surface, replacing the air that rose from the equatorial zone, closing the loop of the Hadley cell. [3]

  7. Solar rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_rotation

    At the equator, the solar rotation period is 24.47 days. This is called the sidereal rotation period, and should not be confused with the synodic rotation period of 26.24 days, which is the time for a fixed feature on the Sun to rotate to the same apparent position as viewed from Earth (the Earth's orbital rotation is in the same direction as the Sun's rotation).

  8. Atmospheric pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure

    Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa (1,013.25 hPa ), which is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars , [ 1 ] 760 mm Hg , 29.9212 inches Hg , or 14.696 psi . [ 2 ]

  9. Dynamo theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory

    This means that dynamo theory was originally used to explain the Sun's magnetic field in its relationship with that of the Earth. However, this hypothesis, which was initially proposed by Joseph Larmor in 1919, has been modified due to extensive studies of magnetic secular variation , paleomagnetism (including polarity reversals ), seismology ...