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Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Values refer to the enthalpy change in the conversion of liquid to gas at the boiling point (normal, 101.325 ...
Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure by simple cooling; a few, such as carbon dioxide, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), or for the storage of gases, for example: LPG, and in refrigeration and air conditioning.
The transition from solid to liquid, and gas to liquid (shown by the white condensed water vapour). Other phase changes include: Transition to a mesophase between solid and liquid, such as one of the "liquid crystal" phases. The dependence of the adsorption geometry on coverage and temperature, such as for hydrogen on iron (110).
The following table lists the Van der Waals constants (from the Van der Waals equation) for a number of common gases and volatile liquids. [ 1 ] To convert from L 2 b a r / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}bar/mol^{2}} } to L 2 k P a / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}kPa/mol^{2}} } , multiply by 100.
A similar concept applies to liquid–gas phase changes. [7] Water is an exception which has a solid-liquid boundary with negative slope so that the melting point decreases with pressure. This occurs because ice (solid water) is less dense than liquid water, as shown by the fact that ice floats on water.
Temperature-dependency of the heats of vaporization for water, methanol, benzene, and acetone. In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of vaporization (symbol ∆H vap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.
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The heating value depends on the source of gas that is used and the process that is used to liquefy the gas. The range of heating value can span ±10 to 15 percent. A typical value of the higher heating value of LNG is approximately 50 MJ/kg or 21,500 BTU/lb. [2] A typical value of the lower heating value of LNG is 45 MJ/kg or 19,350 BTU/lb.