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Academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic fraud and academic integrity are related concepts that refer to various actions on the part of students that go against the expected norms of a school, university or other learning institution. Definitions of academic misconduct are usually outlined in institutional policies.
A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention[al] negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message or a false credit or emphasis given to a scientist", and in Sweden as "intention[al] distortion of the ...
Some academic institutions consider contract cheating to be among the most serious forms of academic misconduct and penalise culpable students accordingly. In 2010, the Academic Misconduct Benchmarking Research Project (AMBeR) developed a plagiarism tariff in the UK in an attempt to standardise penalties for all forms of academic misconduct.
Academic integrity means avoiding plagiarism and cheating, among other misconduct behaviours. Academic integrity is practiced in the majority of educational institutions, it is noted in mission statements, policies, [ 5 ] [ 9 ] [ 32 ] procedures, and honor codes , but it is also being taught in ethics classes and being noted in syllabi.
A rarer case of scientific misconduct is editorial misconduct, [25] where an editor does not declare conflicts of interest, creates pseudonyms to review papers, gives strongly worded editorial decisions to support reviews suggesting to add excessive citations to their own unrelated works or to add themselves as a co-author or their name to the ...
In addition, academic bullying behaviours can affect the progress of science. [27] Victims of academic mobbing may suffer from stress, depression and suicidal ideation as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. [4] The psychological scars have been described as comparable to rape, and they may not heal for many years. Some cases end in suicide ...
Our reporting revealed that many schools are cutting academic programs and raising tuition, while at the same time funneling even more money into athletics. We found that schools that subsidize sports the most also tend to have the poorest students, who are often borrowing to pay for their educations.
Colin Diver, former president of Reed College writes that an "Honor Principle" must be the basis of a culture of academic integrity. [69] Some professors defended the take-home exam format. [70] Erika Christakis and Nicholas A. Christakis write that there is a "national crisis of academic dishonesty." [71] Harry R. Lewis entreats Harvard to ...