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The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, ZrO 2, also known as zirconia. This clear to white-coloured solid has exceptional fracture toughness (for a ceramic) and chemical resistance, especially in its cubic form. [37] These properties make zirconia useful as a thermal barrier coating, [38] although it is also a common diamond substitute. [37]
Zirconia is often more useful in its phase 'stabilized' state. Upon heating, zirconia undergoes disruptive phase changes. By adding small percentages of yttria, these phase changes are eliminated, and the resulting material has superior thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. In some cases, the tetragonal phase can be metastable.
Therefore, the physical and optical properties of synthesized CZ vary, all values being ranges. It is a dense substance, with a density between 5.6 and 6.0 g/cm 3 —about 1.65 times that of diamond. Cubic zirconia is relatively hard, 8–8.5 on the Mohs scale—slightly harder than most semi-precious natural gems. [1]
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystal structure. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a ceramic in which the cubic crystal structure of zirconium dioxide is made stable at room temperature by an addition of yttrium oxide. These oxides are commonly called "zirconia" (Zr O 2) and "yttria" (Y 2 O 3), hence the name.
This oxidized zirconium alloy material provides the beneficial surface properties of a ceramic (reduced friction and increased abrasion resistance), while retaining the beneficial bulk properties of the underlying metal (manufacturability, fracture toughness, and ductility), providing a good solution for these medical implant applications.
Zircon (/ ˈ z ɜːr k ɒ n,-k ən /) [7] [8] [9] is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO 4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr 1–y, REE y)(SiO 4) 1–x ...
Zirconia toughened alumina is a ceramic material comprising alumina and zirconia. It is a composite ceramic material with zirconia grains in the alumina matrix. It is also known in industry as ZTA. Zirconia aluminia (or zirconia toughened alumina), a combination of zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide, is part of a class of composite ceramics ...
Zirconium can be monoclinic, tetragonal or cubic in form. Cooling to the monoclinic phase after sintering causes a large volume change, which often causes stress fractures in pure zirconia. Additives such as magnesia, calcia and yttria are used in manufacturing the knife material to stabilize the high-temperature phases and minimize this volume ...
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