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[5] The Montreux Convention regulates maritime traffic through the Turkish Straits. It guarantees "complete freedom" of passage for all civilian vessels in times of peace. In peacetime, military vessels are limited in number, tonnage and weaponry, with specific provisions governing their mode of entry and duration of stay.
It has been said that, at a meeting in 1928, Gulbenkian drew a red line on a map of the Middle East demarcating the boundaries of the area where the self-denial clause would be in effect. [7] Gulbenkian said this was the boundary of the Ottoman Empire he knew in 1914.
Turkish statesman Ismet Pasha claimed that the population of Mosul was primarily composed of Turks and Kurds, and claimed that the two ethnic groups were the same people by ancestral origin. The British rejected any ethno-national commonality between Turks and Kurds and emphasized that the Kurds and the Kurdish language were of Indo-European ...
[1] The United States' firm opposition to Soviet-backed separatist movements in Turkey and Persia led to the crushing and re-annexation of the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947) and Azeri Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946) by Persia. [1] Turkey joined the anti-Soviet military alliance NATO in 1952. Following the death of Stalin ...
[5] The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula, which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them.
Borrowing from the French Revolutionary ideals of the nation and the Republic, [citation needed] Article 3 affirms that "The Turkish State, with its territory and nation, is an indivisible entity. Its language is Turkish". Article 66 defines a Turkish civic identity: "everyone bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship is a Turk".
The Turkish parliament formed a committee to compare the civil codes of European countries. Austrian, German, French, and Swiss civil codes were examined. [1] Finally on 25 December 1925 the commission decided on the Swiss civil code as a model for the Turkish civil code. [2] The Turkish Civil Code was enacted on 17 February 1926.
Map of the division of Turkish Anatolia after the Treaty of Sèvres (1920), where Antalya can be seen at the center of the Italian zone With the Mudros Armistice (the 30th of October, 1918), the Ottoman Empire accepted the conditions unilaterally dictated by the winning powers; while in Italy, where the idea of a Vittoria mutilata was growing ...