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The familiar and singular form is used when speaking to God in French (in Protestantism both in past and present, in Catholicism since the post–Vatican II reforms), German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic and many others (all of which maintain the use of an "informal" singular form of the second person in modern speech).
The second-person singular indicative was marked in both the present and past tenses with -st or -est (for example, in the past tense, walkedst or gav'st). [26] Since the indicative past was not and still is not otherwise marked for person or number, [27] the loss of thou made the past subjunctive indistinguishable from the indicative past for ...
The basic form of the simple present is the same as the base form of the verb, unless the subject is third person singular, in which case a form with the addition of -(e)s is used. [2] For details of how to make this inflected form, see English verbs § Third person singular present .
The fully inflected forms for verbs of all stem classes are summarized below, presented in the third person singular and plural in all forms except for the optative moods, which are presented with the second person prefixes. Forms with phonologically conditioned shortening of underlying long base vowels are marked in bold.
Almost all verbs have a third person singular present indicative form with the suffix-[e]s. In terms of spelling , it is formed in most cases by adding -s to the verb's base form: run → runs . However if the base form ends in one of the sibilant sounds ( / s / , / z / , / ʃ / , / ʒ / , / tʃ / , / dʒ / ) and its spelling does not end in a ...
Proto-Celtic unstressed long vowels were shortened unless protected by a following Primitive Irish final *-h, whether that *-h came from a final -s (as in several nominal inflectional endings) or -ti (as in 3rd-person singular present forms of verbs).
Bangla also has a future imperative. In the second person familiar, this is formed by changing the vowel in the present imperative. In the second person very familiar, it's the same as the simple present form for that person. For the rest of the persons, the future imperative is the same as the future.
The verb later transformed to *haveō in many Romance languages (but etymologically Spanish haber), resulting in irregular indicative present forms *ai, *as, and *at (all first-, second- and third-person singular), but ho, hai, ha in Italian and -pp-(appo) in Logudorese Sardinian in present tenses.