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Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), with hundreds of millions infected worldwide.
Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma). The adult lives in the blood vessels ( mesenteric veins ) near the human intestine. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis (similar to S. japonicum , S. mekongi , S. guineensis , and S. intercalatum ).
Schistosoma hippopotami is a species of digenetic trematode that belongs to the genus of blood flukes (Schistosoma) that is found in sub-Saharan Africa. [1] It primarily infects African hippopotamuses ( Hippopotamus anphibius ) and has a more limited host range compared to other Schistosoma species.
Individuals infected with Schistosoma release eggs into water via their feces or urine. A collection of stool samples under a microscope will show the eggs of S. intercalatum, S. mansori, and S. japonicum. Looking at a urine sample under a microscope would reveal the eggs of S. haematobium and rarely, the eggs of S. mansori. [38]
The eggs of Schistosoma intercalatum have a terminal spine and tend to be moderately larger than those of S. haematobium (approximately 130 × 75 μm). The origin of the name 'intercalatum' is from the observation that their eggs are of an intermediate range between the smaller S. haematobium and larger S. bovis . [ 2 ]
Orientobilharzia differ from Schistosoma only in the number of testes. The four species in this genus have recently (2012) been moved to the genus Schistosoma on the basis of morphology and molecular studies. [5] The genus name should now be regarded as a junior synonym of Schistosoma.
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