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Oath of allegiance, an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to monarch or country. Oath of citizenship, an oath taken by immigrants that officially naturalizes immigrants into citizens. Oath of office, an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office.
The Albanian word besa is an Indo-European cognate and shares similarities with the Classical Latin word fides.In Late Antiquity and the Medieval period, Latin fides took on the Christian meaning of 'faith' or '(religious) belief,' a sense that persists in modern Romance languages and was borrowed into Albanian as feja.
The oath-swearing practice varied significantly, sometimes involving ritualised drinking or placing hands on a holy pig (referred to as a sónargöltr) that could later be sacrificed. While originally containing heathen religious components such as prayers and worship of gods such as Freyr and Thor , the practice continued in an altered manner ...
The oath is then considered sacred because it is defined as a Besë. Besa is extremely important in Albanian culture, and is considered a verbal contract of trust. Especially in North Albania, when somebody gives someone their Besë, they have given someone their life and are going to protect someone with their life.
Elisabeth Kopp's oath of office after her election to the Swiss Federal Council in 1984. The Schwurhand (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvuːɐ̯hant], "swear-hand"; Dutch: spreekgebaar) is a heraldic charge depicting the hand gesture that is used in Germanic Europe and neighbouring countries, when swearing an oath in court, in office, or in swearing-in.
العربية; Azərbaycanca; تۆرکجه; Беларуская; Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български; Dansk; Deutsch; Ελληνικά
Lyndon B. Johnson taking the American presidential oath of office in 1963, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before assuming the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations.
The oath of allegiance or Bay'ah is led by the caliph; he recites, and the members of the community repeat after him. The oath includes the shahadah, prayers of repentance and a promise to abide by the ten conditions of Bai'at. After the oath is taken, the caliph leads the members in silent prayer.