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  2. Cloning (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning_(programming)

    In most programming languages (exceptions include Ruby), primitive types such as double, float, int, long, etc. simply store their values somewhere in the computer's memory (often the call stack). By using simple assignment, you can copy the contents of the variable to another one: Copying primitive types in Java or C++:

  3. Quine (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)

    A quine's output is exactly the same as its source code. A quine is a computer program that takes no input and produces a copy of its own source code as its only output. The standard terms for these programs in the computability theory and computer science literature are "self-replicating programs", "self-reproducing programs", and "self-copying programs".

  4. Object copying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_copying

    In object-oriented programming, object copying is creating a copy of an existing object, a unit of data in object-oriented programming. The resulting object is called an object copy or simply copy of the original object. Copying is basic but has subtleties and can have significant overhead.

  5. clone (Java method) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clone_(Java_method)

    For example, if one has a List reference in Java, one cannot invoke clone() on that reference because List specifies no public clone() method. Actual implementations of List like ArrayList and LinkedList all generally have clone() methods themselves, but it is inconvenient and bad abstraction to carry around the actual class type of an object.

  6. Copy-and-paste programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-and-paste_programming

    Copy-and-paste programming, sometimes referred to as just pasting, is the production of highly repetitive computer programming code, as produced by copy and paste operations. It is primarily a pejorative term; those who use the term are often implying a lack of programming competence and ability to create abstractions.

  7. Closure (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(computer_programming)

    In this example, the lambda expression (lambda (book) (>= (book-sales book) threshold)) appears within the function best-selling-books. When the lambda expression is evaluated, Scheme creates a closure consisting of the code for the lambda expression and a reference to the threshold variable, which is a free variable inside the lambda expression.

  8. Include directive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Include_directive

    An include directive instructs a text file processor to replace the directive text with the content of a specified file.. The act of including may be logical in nature. The processor may simply process the include file content at the location of the directive without creating a combined file.

  9. Java (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)

    Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (), [16] meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. [17]