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Oxalate occurs in many plants, where it is synthesized by the incomplete oxidation of saccharides. Several plant foods such as the root and/or leaves of spinach, rhubarb, and buckwheat are high in oxalic acid and can contribute to the formation of kidney stones in some individuals. Other oxalate-rich plants include fat hen ("lamb's quarters ...
Oxalate oxidase （Enzyme Commission number EC 1.2.3.4 [2] ）occurs mainly in plants. It can degrade oxalic acid into carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. [3]Oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC，EC 4.1.1.2) is a kind of oxalate degrading enzyme containing Mn 2+, [4] found mainly in fungi or some bacteria.
The toxicity of oxalic acid is due to kidney failure caused by precipitation of solid calcium oxalate. [67] Oxalate is known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. [68] Ingestion of ethylene glycol results in oxalic acid as a metabolite which can also cause acute kidney failure.
Many plants accumulate calcium oxalate as it has been reported in more than 1000 different genera of plants. [7] The calcium oxalate accumulation is linked to the detoxification of calcium (Ca 2+) in the plant. [8] Upon decomposition, the calcium oxalate is oxidised by bacteria, fungi, or wildfire to produce the soil nutrient calcium carbonate. [9]
A druse is a group of crystals of calcium oxalate, [1] silicates, or carbonates present in plants, and are thought to be a defense against herbivory due to their toxicity. . Calcium oxalate (Ca(COO) 2, CaOx) crystals are found in algae, angiosperms and gymnosperms in more than 215 fami
Due to the link between glyoxylate levels and photosynthesis, an increase in glyoxylate levels indicates that the plant is under stress. As glyoxylate levels continue to increase, they can harm the plant by (1) reacting with DNA, (2) oxidizing membrane lipids, (3) modifying proteins, and (4) increasing the transcription of stress-related genes ...
In enzymology, an oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) is an oxalate degrading enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: oxalate + O 2 + 2 H + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are oxalate , O 2 , and H + , whereas its two products are CO 2 and H 2 O 2 .
Calcium-oxalate-accumulating plants, such as Amaranthus hybridus and Colobanthus quitensis, show a variation of photosynthesis where calcium oxalate crystals function as dynamic carbon pools, supplying carbon dioxide (CO 2) to photosynthetic cells when stomata are partially or totally closed.