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The reaction is exothermic with ΔH= -41.1 kJ/mol and have an adiabatic temperature rise of 8–10 °C per percent CO converted to CO 2 and H 2. The most common catalysts used in the water-gas shift reaction are the high temperature shift (HTS) catalyst and the low temperature shift (LTS) catalyst.
The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized.
Low temperature shift (LTS), the water gas shift reaction at 190–210 °C ... LTS: low temperature shift: MAF: mass flow sensor: MAOP: maximum allowable operating ...
Because this reaction is exothermic, it produces heat: N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) ⇌ 2 NH 3 (g) + heat. If the temperature were increased, the heat content of the system would increase, so the system would consume some of that heat by shifting the equilibrium to the left, thereby producing less ammonia.
Generally, the Fischer–Tropsch process is operated in the temperature range of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F). Higher temperatures lead to faster reactions and higher conversion rates but also tend to favor methane production. For this reason, the temperature is usually maintained at the low to middle part of the range.
The reaction takes place in a single chamber where the methane is partially oxidized. The reaction is exothermic. When the ATR uses carbon dioxide, the H 2:CO ratio produced is 1:1; when the ATR uses steam, the H 2:CO ratio produced is 2.5:1. The outlet temperature of the syngas is between 950–1100 °C and outlet pressure can be as high as ...
1. Chocolate Fondue. Think of that fondue fountain at the buffet as Willy Wonka's sacred chocolate waterfall and river. The chocolate must go untouched by human hands, or it will be ruined.
In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates.The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants suggests such a formula for the rates of both forward and ...