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Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [1] [2] [3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [4] The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2]
Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): [20] vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxine (B 6), biotin (B 7), folate (B 9), and cobalamin (B 12). The requirement ...
Plants tend not to use vitamins, although minerals are required. [8] [17] Structure of the Mn 4 O 5 Ca core of the oxygen-evolving site in plants, illustrating one of many roles of the trace mineral, manganese. [18] Some seven trace elements are essential to plant growth, although often in trace quantities. [citation needed]
In nutrition, the diet of an organism is the sum of the foods it eats. [9] A healthy diet improves the physical and mental health of an organism. This requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing food.
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) sets tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. In the case of copper the adult UL is set at 10 mg/day. [4] Copper gluconate is sold as a dietary supplement to provide copper. The typical dose is 2.0 mg copper per day.
This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species .
In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. [ 47 ]