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The Emden Deep, also known as the Galathea Deep or Galathea Depth, is the portion of the 10,540-metre-deep (34,580 ft) Philippine Trench exceeding 6,000-metre (20,000 ft) depths in the south-western Pacific Ocean. Discoverer ship Emden
The Negros trench was formed from subduction of the Eurasian Plate underneath the Philippine Sea plate which initiated during the Early Miocene (23.03-20.44 million years ago), The trench was previously the site of a collision zone with the Palawan plate, which formed the Philippine Trench 8–9 million years ago, This trench is located west of the Visayan Islands.
Halieutopsis oblonga was first formally described as Coelophrys oblonga in 1912 by the American ichthyologists Hugh McCormick Smith and Lewis Radcliffe with its type locality given as near Binang Unang Island in the Gulf of Tomini at 0°04'00"S, 121°36'00"E off Sulawesi at Albatross station 5607 from a depth of 761 fathoms (4,566 ft; 1,392 m). [2]
A bathymetric chart is a type of isarithmic map that depicts the submerged bathymetry and physiographic features of ocean and sea bottoms. [1] Their primary purpose is to provide detailed depth contours of ocean topography as well as provide the size, shape and distribution of underwater features.
The 1912 Murray and Hjort book The Depths of the Ocean quickly became a classic for marine naturalists and oceanographers. For several years, Hjort had been interested in the statistical nature and causes of the large fluctuations of fish populations.
The four-month 1910 North Atlantic expedition headed by John Murray and Johan Hjort was the most ambitious research oceanographic and marine zoological project ever mounted until then, and led to the classic 1912 book The Depths of the Ocean. The first acoustic measurement of sea depth was made in 1914.
Here the bottoms of the Marianas and the Tonga–Kermadec trenches are up to 10–11 kilometers (6.2–6.8 mi) below sea level. In the eastern Pacific, where the subducting oceanic lithosphere is much younger, the depth of the Peru-Chile trench is around 7 to 8 kilometers (4.3 to 5.0 mi). [18]
The resulting 6 volume Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland was published in 1910. [7] [8] The cartographer John George Bartholomew, who strove to advance geographical and scientific understanding through his cartographic work, drafted and published all the maps of the Survey.