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Because inductive effects depends strongly on proximity, the meta and ortho positions of fluorobenzene are considerably less reactive than benzene. Thus, electrophilic aromatic substitution on fluorobenzene is strongly para selective. This -I and +M effect is true for all halides - there is some electron withdrawing and donating character of each.
Fluorobenzene is an aryl fluoride and the simplest of the fluorobenzenes, with the formula C 6 H 5 F, often abbreviated PhF. A colorless liquid, it is a precursor to many fluorophenyl compounds. A colorless liquid, it is a precursor to many fluorophenyl compounds.
The mechanism of electrophilic fluorination remains controversial. At issue is whether the reaction proceeds via an S N 2 or single-electron transfer (SET) process. In support of the S N 2 mechanism, aryl Grignard reagents and aryllithiums give similar yields of fluorobenzene in combination with N-fluoro-o-benzenedisulfonimide (NFOBS), even though the tendencies of these reagents to ...
In short, alkyl groups tend to give electrons, leading to the induction effect. However, such an effect has been questioned. [2] As the induced change in polarity is less than the original polarity, the inductive effect rapidly dies out and is significant only over a short distance. Moreover, the inductive effect is permanent but feeble since ...
The overall reaction mechanism, denoted by the Hughes–Ingold mechanistic symbol S E Ar, [3] begins with the aromatic ring attacking the electrophile E + (2a). This step leads to the formation of a positively charged and delocalized cyclohexadienyl cation, also known as an arenium ion, Wheland intermediate, or arene σ-complex (2b).
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Fluorobenzenes are a group of aryl fluorides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more fluorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C 6 H 6–n F n, where n = 1–6 is the number of fluorine atoms.