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The Buddha may be depicted in one of four postures: Sitting: If seated, the Buddha may be shown in one of three different positions; In the "heroic posture" (vīrāsana), with the legs folded over each other In the "adamantine posture" (vajrāsana; also known as "lotus position"), with the legs crossed so that the soles of both feet are turned up
The Abhayamudra "gesture of fearlessness" [5] represents protection, peace, benevolence and the dispelling of fear. In Theravada Buddhism it is usually made while standing with the right arm bent and raised to shoulder height, the palm facing forward, the fingers closed, pointing upright and the left hand resting by the side.
The gesture shows the right palm turned towards the receiver of boons, with the fingers pointed downwards. Dhyana Buddha Mudra – Amitabha Buddha: This mudra has the left hand resting on the lap with the palm facing upwards, the right hand on the top of the left one (also with its palm facing upwards), and the two thumbs touching each other ...
The earliest Buddhist art is from the Mauryan era (322 BCE – 184 BCE), there is little archeological evidence for pre-Mauryan period symbolism. [6] Early Buddhist art (circa 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE) is commonly (but not exclusively) aniconic (i.e. lacking an anthropomorphic image), and instead used various symbols to depict the Buddha.
The gesture was used by Gautama Buddha to subdue the elephant when attacked by a drunk elephant set off by Devadatta (some says by Ajātasattu), [4] as shown in several frescos and scripts. [citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, deities often paired it with another mudra using the other hand. Buddha with his right hand in abhayamudra.
Relief depicting the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Plaosan temple, Java, 9th-century. The many different varieties of Buddhist art often show buddhas and bodhisattvas, as well as depictions of the historical Buddha, known as Gautama Buddha (or Siddhārtha Gautama, Śākyamuni, or Tathāgata).
The first statues and busts of the Buddha were made in the region around Mathura or Gandhara in the second or third century CE. [4] [5] Many statues and busts exist where the Buddha and other bodhisattvas have a mustache. Seated Buddha, Gandhara, 1st–2nd century CE, Tokyo National Museum Buddha depicted with urna, gilt bronze, 14th century
In Italy and other parts of the Mediterranean region, the gesture must usually be performed with the fingers tilting downward or in a leveled position not pointed at someone and without movement to signify the warding off of bad luck; in the same region and elsewhere, the gesture may take a different, offensive, and insulting meaning if it is ...