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Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus. [1] Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) may identify individuals with hippocampal sclerosis. [ 2 ]
Nearly all reports of seizure outcome following these procedures indicate that the best outcome group includes patients with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (hippocampal atrophy with increased T-2 signal). The range of seizure-free outcomes for these patients is reported to be between 80% and 90%, which is typically reported as a sub ...
A focal impaired awareness temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person becomes unaware during any part of the seizure. [10] Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Approximately 80% of seizures in the temporal lobe begin in the mesial temporal region, frequently starting in or around the hippocampus.
Hippocampal sclerosis involves neural loss and a selective mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) danger and is likely caused by an overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors by the surplus signaling of excitatory neurotransmitters. [9]
Identification of common lesions associated with epilepsy like focal cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis, microencephalocele, and heterotopia require thorough review of images by trained clinicians as the changes can be very subtle and easily missed if not specifically evaluated for.
A common associated brain abnormality is mesial temporal sclerosis. [15] Mesial temporal sclerosis is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss accompanied by hippocampal gliosis and atrophy. [18] Complex partial seizures occur when excessive and synchronous electrical brain activity causes the impaired awareness and responsiveness. [19]
Nearly 2.3 million people are estimated to be living with multiple sclerosis around the world, but when Montel Williams received his official diagnosis back in 1999, not much was known about the ...
Hippocampal sclerosis including Ammon's horn sclerosis that is specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage. [129] [130] It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures. [131]