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  2. Shiv (weapon) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiv_(weapon)

    A shiv, also chiv, schiv, shivvie or shank, [1] [2] is a handcrafted bladed weapon resembling a knife that is commonly associated with prison inmates. Since weapons are prohibited in prisons, the intended mode of concealment is central to a shiv's construction.

  3. Robert Martinson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Martinson

    Robert Magnus Martinson (May 19, 1927 – August 11, 1979) was an American sociologist, whose 1974 study "What Works?", concerning the shortcomings of existing prisoner rehabilitation programs, was highly influential, creating what became known as the "nothing works" doctrine. [1]

  4. Social groups in male and female prisons in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_groups_in_male_and...

    In his literature review and analysis of evidence about gangs in the California correctional complex, David Sharbek found that gangs formed as a response to a lack of protection from prison officials. According to his research, male prison populations rely on non-structured social norms and on formalized organizations to govern themselves.

  5. Sociology of punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_punishment

    The sociology of punishment seeks to understand why and how we punish. Punishment involves the intentional infliction of pain and/or the deprivation of rights and liberties. . Sociologists of punishment usually examine state-sanctioned acts in relation to law-breaking; for instance, why citizens give consent to the legitimation of acts of viole

  6. Incapacitation (penology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incapacitation_(penology)

    Incapacitation in the context of criminal sentencing philosophy is one of the functions of punishment.It involves capital punishment, sending an offender to prison, or possibly restricting their freedom in the community, to protect society and prevent that person from committing further crimes.

  7. Nils Christie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Christie

    Christie was appointed to the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo from 1959, and was a professor of criminology at the faculty from 1966. A prolific writer, Christie was the author of several books including Pinens begrensning (Limits to Pain) from 1981, which has been translated into eleven languages, Crime Control as Industry (2000) and A Suitable Amount of Crime (2004).

  8. Avalanche acquire goalie Mackenzie Blackwood, ship ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/avalanche-acquire-goalie-mackenzie...

    The Colorado Avalanche made their second goaltending trade in less than two weeks, shipping out No. 1 netminder Alexandar Georgiev to the San Jose Sharks for Mackenzie Blackwood.. The contending ...

  9. The Lucifer Effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lucifer_Effect

    The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil is a 2007 book which includes professor Philip Zimbardo's first detailed, written account of the events surrounding the 1971 Stanford prison experiment (SPE) – a prison simulation study which had to be discontinued after only six days due to several distressing outcomes and mental breaks of the participants.