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Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" ... the opposite of what it predicts. ...
Allogamy ordinarily involves cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals leading to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny. [11] [12] By contrast, close inbreeding, including self-fertilization in plants and automictic parthenogenesis in hymenoptera, tends to lead to the harmful expression of deleterious recessive alleles (inbreeding depression).
Anisogamy (the opposite of isogamy) comes from the ancient Greek negative prefix a(n)-(alpha privative), the Greek adjective isos (meaning equal) and the Greek verb gameo (meaning to have sex/to reproduce), eventually meaning "non-equal reproduction" obviously referring to the enormous differences between male and female gametes in size and abilities. [10]
Tail end of human embryo, from eight and a half to nine weeks old. 1 - 7: Homologous male and female pelvic organs. Diagrams that show the development of male and female organs from a common precursor.
Parthenogenesis, in the form of reproduction from a single individual (typically a god), is common in mythology, religion, and folklore around the world, including in ancient Greek myth; for example, Athena was born from the head of Zeus. [71]
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. [1]
Semelparity is also known as "big bang" reproduction, since the single reproductive event of semelparous organisms is usually large as well as fatal. [5] A classic example of a semelparous organism is (most) Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.), which live for many years in the ocean before swimming to the freshwater stream of its birth ...
Gonochorism stands in contrast to other reproductive strategies such as asexual reproduction and hermaphroditism. Closely related taxa can have differing sexual strategies – for example, the genus Ophryotrocha contains species that are gonochoric and species that are hermaphrodites. [30]