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Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), also known as the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability, is one of two ways apoptosis (a type of programmed cell death) can be activated. [1] It is part of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, also known as the mitochondrial pathway. MOMP is known as the point of no return in apoptosis.
MOMP is the process before apoptosis, which is accompanied to permeability of the inner membrane of the mitochondria (IMM). Permeability transition pore (PTP) opening induces mitochondrial swelling and outer membrane of the mitochondria (OMM) rupture. Moreover, PTP opening induce releasing of caspase-activating factors and apoptosis.
The Bcl-2 family proteins consists of members that either promote or inhibit apoptosis, and control apoptosis by governing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which is a key step in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. A total of 25 genes in the Bcl-2 family were identified by 2008.
The BCL2 associated agonist of cell death [5] (BAD) protein is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family which is involved in initiating apoptosis.BAD is a member of the BH3-only family, [6] a subfamily of the Bcl-2 family.
Cytochrome c can in turn cause the cell to go through apoptosis ("commit suicide") by activating pro-apoptotic factors. Other researchers contend that it is not mitochondrial membrane rupture that leads to cytochrome c release, but rather another mechanism, such as translocation of the molecule through channels in the outer membrane, which does ...
The BH3 interacting-domain death agonist, or BID, gene is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. [5] Bcl-2 family members share one or more of the four characteristic domains of homology entitled the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains (named BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4), and can form hetero- or homodimers.
There, it activates Bak, a pro-apoptotic protein bound to the mithochondria outer membrane (MOM). Activation of Bak causes the perforation of the mitochondria, a process known as MOMP (mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization) which promotes apoptosis. Histone H1.2 also forms a complex with the apoptosome, possibly regulating its formation.
The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) also known as Bcl-2-binding component 3 (BBC3), is a pro-apoptotic protein, member of the Bcl-2 protein family. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In humans, the Bcl-2-binding component 3 protein is encoded by the BBC3 gene .
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