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The use of the word secret in the former title, "Vatican Secret Archive", does not denote the modern meaning of confidentiality. A fuller and perhaps better translation of the archive's former Latin name may be the "private Vatican Apostolic archive", indicating that its holdings are the pope's personal property, not those of any particular department of the Roman Curia or the Holy See.
A similar warning against papal hubris made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation, "Annos Petri non-videbis", reminding the newly crowned pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter. According to tradition, he headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest-reigning pope in the ...
The Popes and Britain: a history of rule, rupture and reconciliation (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017). Lascelles, Christopher. Pontifex Maximus: A Short History of the Popes (Crux Publishing Ltd, 2017). Mcbrien, Richard (1997). Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco. ISBN 978-0-06-065304-0.
According to numerous records of the early Church Fathers, Peter was present in Rome, was martyred there, and was the first bishop of Rome. Dogma and traditions of the Catholic Church maintain that he served as the bishop of Rome for 25 years until 67 AD when he was martyred by Nero [7] (further information: Great Fire of Rome).
Just as the popes rule the Church largely by means of letters, so also the bishops make use of letters for the administration of their dioceses. The documents issued by a bishop are divided according to their form into: pastoral letters, synodal and diocesan statutes, mandates or ordinances or decrees.
[14] [28] Church practice deviated from this rule as early as 817 and fully ignored it from 882 with the election of Pope Marinus I, the Bishop of Caere. [29] Nicholas II, in the synod of 1059, formally codified existing practice by decreeing that preference was to be given to the clergy of Rome, but leaving the cardinal bishops free to select ...
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The term "Head of the Church" was originally applied to the Roman Church, indicating its leadership and place in the Mystical Body of Christ and the Universal Church. [12] One of its earliest records appears in the letter " Institutio " by Pope Boniface I (r. 418–422) in 422 to the bishops of Thessaly . [ 53 ]