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It is secreted heavily in pulses in between these events. Prolactin plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. [6] [7] Discovered in non-human animals around 1930 by Oscar Riddle [8] and confirmed in humans in 1970 by Henry Friesen, [9] prolactin is a peptide hormone, encoded by the PRL ...
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.
the number of times articles published in the journal during each of the most recent 10 years were cited by individual specific journals during the year (the twenty journals with the greatest number of citations are given) and several measures derived from these data for a given journal: its impact factor, immediacy index, etc.
Infants suckle their mother's breast longer than with bottles. [5] Mothers and infants spend more time gazing at each other. [4] Mothers are more positive and smile at their child more. [21] Brain imaging research indicates breastfeeding mothers who listen to their infant crying demonstrate greater activity in limbic regions of the
A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory.
While these journals still did not receive an impact factor until the next year, they did contribute citations to the calculation of other journals' impact factors. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In July 2022, Clarivate announced that journals in the ESCI obtain an impact factor effective from JCR Year 2022 first released in June 2023.
The magnitude that prolactin is elevated can be used as an indicator of the etiology of the hyperprolactinemia diagnosis. Prolactin levels over 250 ng/mL may suggest prolactinoma. Prolactin levels less than 100 ng/mL may suggest drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, macroprolactinemia, nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, or systemic disorders.
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.