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Early use of the powertrain control module dates back to the late 1970s [citation needed] - official phasing in [clarification needed] of the PCM occurred during the early 1980s when used in conjunction with electronic controlled carburetors and lockup torque converters (at the time conventional 3-speed automatics received lockup converters at ...
2 Oxygen Sensor 2 A: Voltage B: Short term fuel trim 16: 22: 2 Oxygen Sensor 3 A: Voltage B: Short term fuel trim 17: 23: 2 Oxygen Sensor 4 A: Voltage B: Short term fuel trim 18: 24: 2 Oxygen Sensor 5 A: Voltage B: Short term fuel trim 19: 25: 2 Oxygen Sensor 6 A: Voltage B: Short term fuel trim 1A: 26: 2 Oxygen Sensor 7 A: Voltage B: Short ...
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The TPS sensor along with the vehicle speed sensor are the two main inputs for most TCUs. Older transmissions use this to determine engine load, with the introduction of drive-by-wire technology, this is often a shared input between the ECU and TCU. The input is used to determine the optimum time and characteristics for a gear change according ...
A typical ETC system consists of three major components: (i) an accelerator pedal module (ideally with two or more independent sensors), (ii) a throttle valve that can be opened and closed by an electric motor (sometimes referred to as an electric or electronic throttle body (ETB)), and (iii) a powertrain or engine control module (PCM or ECM). [4]
Certain agencies may add or remove certain codes. For example, in the Los Angeles Police Department's radio procedures, Code 1 is not a response code, and its meaning is transferred to Code 2, the original meaning of which is transferred to the semi-official response code "Code 2-High". Additionally, some agencies use "Code 99" which means for ...
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Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI), also known as stochastic pre-ignition (SPI), [1] is a pre-ignition event that occurs in gasoline vehicle engines when there is a premature ignition of the main fuel charge. [2] LSPI is most common in certain turbocharged direct-injection vehicles operating in low-speed and high-load driving conditions. [3]