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The popular trend in trench drains are linear systems. Linear as in line drain. Made from materials such as polymer concrete, fiberglass, structural plastic and steel, liner systems are the channel and grate components that are assembled in the trench and around which concrete is poured to form a drain system. By themselves, these liner systems ...
A pipe laser, or another vertical distance measuring device is most commonly used for this. Invert levels are important for the drainage of a non-pressured fluid pipe. Typically, a good design requires that the invert level of the pipe will be lower (or at least not higher) for each section of pipe before it reaches its final destination. [5]
Slab-on-grade or floating slab foundations are a structural engineering practice whereby the concrete slab that is to serve as the foundation for the structure is formed from a mold set into the ground. The concrete is then placed into the mold, leaving no space between the ground and the structure.
To construct a rubble trench foundation a narrow trench is dug down below the frost line. The bottom of the trench would ideally be gently sloped to an outlet. Drainage tile, graded 1":8' to daylight, is then placed at the bottom of the trench in a bed of washed stone protected by filter fabric. The trench is then filled with either screened ...
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
A diagram of a traditional French drain. A French drain [1] (also known by other names including trench drain, blind drain, [1] rubble drain, [1] and rock drain [1]) is a trench filled with gravel or rock, or both, with or without a perforated pipe that redirects surface water and groundwater away from an area.
The overall mass of concrete can be reduced by 35–50% depending on the design, [1] as a consequence of reduced slab mass, as well as lower requirements for vertical structure and foundations. Biaxial slabs commonly span up to 20 metres at a thickness of around 500 mm. [ citation needed ] The added strength also reduces the acoustic ...
Lift slab construction (also called the Youtz-Slick Method) is a method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and then raising (jacking) the slab up with hydraulic jacks. This method of construction allows for a large portion of the work to be completed at ground level, negating the ...
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