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Whereas breastfeeding jaundice is a mechanical problem, breast milk jaundice is a biochemical occurrence and the higher bilirubin possibly acts as an antioxidant. Breast milk jaundice occurs later in the newborn period, with the bilirubin level usually peaking in the sixth to 14th days of life.
Breast milk jaundice is caused by an increased concentration of β-glucuronidase in breast milk, which increases bilirubin deconjugation and reabsorption of bilirubin, leading to persistence of physiologic jaundice with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Onset of breast milk jaundice is within 2 weeks after birth and lasts for 4–13 weeks.
Contraindications to breastfeeding are those conditions that could compromise the health of the infant if breast milk from their mother is consumed. Examples include galactosemia, untreated HIV, untreated active tuberculosis, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or II, uses illicit drugs, or mothers undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
The causes of breast milk jaundice include variations in bilirubin metabolism, genetic variations, and variations in breastmilk, including the harmless and helpful germs found naturally on the surface of the skin and in the breastmilk. [40] Breast milk jaundice is usually not a reason to stop nursing. [119]
A British mom said she was "gaslighted" by medical professionals after her baby developed an allergy to her breast milk. “Everyone’s telling me it’s fine, ...
Primary lactation failure, a cause of low milk supply in breastfeeding mothers; Cessation of breastfeeding before the mother had planned to stop, usually as a result of breastfeeding difficulties; Low milk supply in general; Inability to establish breastfeeding, which may be caused by delayed onset of lactation
Patients with hyperbilirubinemia generally have poor outcome, particularly those with liver-dysfunction led jaundice. Drug-induced liver injury, as Hy's law states, patients with bilirubin of >3 mg/dL have 10% mortality rate. [36] End stage liver disease models also include hyperbilirubinemia as a critical parameter in prognosis of cirrhosis.
[1] [2] Medications, when administered to breastfeeding mothers, almost always are transferred to breast milk, albeit usually in small quantities. [3] The degree of impact on the nursing infant varies, with many medications posing minimal risk. Nonetheless, informed decision-making and professional guidance is needed.