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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), also known as central serous retinopathy (CSR), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
The experience of eye strain when reading in dim light has given rise to the common misconception that such an activity causes permanent eye damage. [3] When concentrating on a visually intense task, such as continuously focusing on a book or computer monitor, the ciliary muscles and the extraocular muscles are strained. This causes discomfort ...
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer or other display device for protracted, uninterrupted periods of time and the eye's muscles being unable to recover from the constant tension required to maintain focus on a close object.
Other complicating conditions may lead to such an acute condition (severe stroke or trauma, untreated glaucoma, etc.), but few macular degeneration patients experience total visual loss. [ 13 ] The area of the macula constitutes only about 2.1% of the retina, and the remaining 97.9% (the peripheral field) remains unaffected by the disease.
The most common form of computer vision syndrome is a condition termed dry eye, which results in itchy, sore and even the illusion that something is stuck in your eye. This condition is often caused by extensively long period looking at a computer screen. Video screens have a design process for user interface.
The onset of disease may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, infection, or giving birth. [4] Those with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, are more likely to be affected. [1] Smoking increases the risk of disease and may worsen eye problems. [1]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
These diseases often cause sudden rapid visual loss in one eye. Inflammatory diseases of the blood vessels, like giant-cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and rheumatoid arthritis can cause arteritic AIONs (AAION). The vast majority of AIONs are nonarteritic ...