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A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines.
Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK, [1] MKKK, [2] M3K, [3] or, MAP3K [4]) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinase kinase. Subsequently, MAP kinase kinase activates MAP kinase. Several types of MAPKKK can exist but are mainly characterized by the MAP kinases they activate.
While MAP kinases are serine/threonine-specific, they are activated by combined phosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. Activity of MAP kinases is restricted by a number of protein phosphatases, which remove the phosphate groups that are added to specific serine or threonine residues of the kinase and are required to maintain ...
One of the first proteins known to be phosphorylated by ERK was a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). As discussed below, many additional targets for phosphorylation by MAPK were later found, and the protein was renamed "mitogen-activated protein kinase" (MAPK). The series of kinases from RAF to MEK to MAPK is an example of a protein kinase ...
MAP kinase kinase kinase; List of unusual biological names; References This page was last edited on 3 April 2021, at 18:46 (UTC). Text is available under ...
MAP kinases (MAPKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that respond to a variety of extracellular growth signals. For example, growth hormone, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin are all considered mitogenic stimuli that can engage the MAPK pathway.
The activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK6), JNK (MKK4 and MKK7), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways. [1] The acronym MEK derives from M APK/ E RK K inase. [ 2 ]
The Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases; MAP Kinase Resource Archived 2021-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. Extracellular+Signal-Regulated+MAP+Kinases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) MAPK1; MAPK3 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine