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Since the office was established in 1789, 45 individuals have served as president of the United States. [a] Of these, 15, [1] including Lyndon Johnson who took only the First Degree, are known to have been Freemasons, beginning with the nation's first president, George Washington, and most recently the 38th president, Gerald R. Ford.
The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry.It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" (a term reflecting the ceremonial "acception" process that made non-stone masons members of an operative ...
Freemasonry in the United States is the history of Freemasonry as it was introduced from Britain and continues as a major secret society to the present day. It is a fraternal order that brings men together (and women through its auxiliaries) to gain friendship and opportunity for advancement and community progress.
This page provides links to alphabetized lists of notable Freemasons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public.
Robert Robert [a] Livingston (November 27, 1746 (Old Style November 16) – February 26, 1813) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from New York, as well as a Founding Father of the United States.
Deism and the Founding Fathers [ edit ] Deism was a religious philosophy in common currency in colonial times, and some Founding Fathers (most notably Thomas Paine , who was an explicit proponent of it, and Benjamin Franklin , who spoke of it in his Autobiography) are identified more or less with this system.
While the number of victims is not accurately known, historians estimate that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. [209] Masonic concentration camp inmates were classified as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle. [210] Hitler believed Freemasons had succumbed to Jews conspiring against Germany.
The History of Freemasonry, Vol. 6 (Masonic History Co., NY, 1898) pages 1485-1486 online membership by state 1898; Weisberger, R. William et al. Freemasonry on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Essays concerning the Craft in the British Isles, Europe, the United States, and Mexico (2002), 969pp; York, Neil L. “Freemasons and the American ...