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Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people contract mosquito-borne illnesses each year, resulting in more than a million deaths.
The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites through the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents or with mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water. [1] Several medications are available to prevent malaria for travellers in areas where the disease is common. [3]
For a mosquito to transmit disease, there must be favorable seasonal conditions, [73] primarily humidity, temperature, and precipitation. [74] El Niño affects the location and number of outbreaks in East Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and India. Climate change impacts the seasonal factors and in turn the dispersal of mosquitoes. [75]
Zika virus replicates in the mosquito's midgut epithelial cells and then its salivary gland cells. After 5–10 days, the virus can be found in the mosquito's saliva. If the mosquito's saliva is inoculated into human skin, the virus can infect epidermal keratinocytes, skin fibroblasts in the skin and the Langerhans cells.
La Crosse encephalitis virus (LACV) is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain. LAC encephalitis is rare; in the United States, about 80–100 LACV disease cases are reported each year, although it is believed to be under-reported due to minimal symptoms experienced by many of ...
Mosquitoes are vectors for a large number of diseases, the large majority being viral in nature. Mosquito-borne viruses fall into four major groups: Bunyavirales , Flaviviridae , Togaviridae , and Reoviridae .
Aedes aegypti (UK pronunciation: / ˈ iː d iː z /; US pronunciation: / ˈ eɪ d z / or / ˈ eɪ d iː z / from Greek αηδής: "hateful" and / eɪ ˈ dʒ ɪ p t i / from Latin, meaning "of Egypt"), the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents.
Mayaro virus disease is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen endemic to certain humid forests of tropical South America. Infection with Mayaro virus causes an acute, self-limited dengue-like illness of 3–5 days' duration. [1] The causative virus, abbreviated MAYV, is in the family Togaviridae, and genus Alphavirus.