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Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) also known as Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is defined by the presence of wheals, angioedema, or both for more than six weeks.The most common symptoms of chronic spontaneous urticaria are angioedema and hives that are accompanied by itchiness.
Chronic urticaria is defined as the presence of hives which persist for greater than six weeks. [31] Some of the more severe chronic cases have lasted more than 20 years. A survey indicated chronic urticaria lasted a year or more in more than 50% of those affected and 20 years or more in 20% of them. [32]
Urticarial vasculitis (also known as "chronic urticaria as a manifestation of venulitis", "hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome", "hypocomplementemic vasculitis" and "unusual lupus-like syndrome") [1] is a skin condition characterized by fixed urticarial lesions that appear histologically as a vasculitis. [2]: 834
The first outbreak of urticaria can lead to other reactions on body parts not directly stimulated, scraped, or scratched. In a normal case, the swelling will decrease without treatment within 15–30 minutes, but, in extreme cases, itchy red welts may last anywhere from a few hours to days.
Cholinergic urticaria typically presents with a number of small papular hives all over the body, that involve cutaneous inflammation (wheals) and severe nerve pain, which usually develops in response to exercise, bathing, staying in a heated environment, spicy foods, or emotional stress.
Delayed pressure urticaria is known as one of the more painful subsets of physical urticaria due to formed hives being deep-seated and appearing after 4–6 hours. [ 1 ] Causes
However, the understanding of urticaria as an autoimmune condition is a relatively recent development in medical history. [14] The term autoimmune urticaria refers to a subset of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) cases where the immune system appears to play a significant role. This understanding began to evolve in the mid to late 20th ...
This condition is characterised by cold induced urticaria, autoimmunity, atopy and humoral immune deficiency. [2] The humeral immune deficiency results in recurrent bronchopulmonary infections. Cutaneous granulomas may also occur. [citation needed] The urticaria usually appears within 12 months of birth but may appear immediately after birth. [3]