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The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union [e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. McDonough, James Lee. War in Kentucky: From Shiloh to Perryville. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994. ISBN 0-87049-847-9. McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford History of the United States.
During February 1862, a Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant won two battles that were the most significant Union victories, at that time, of the American Civil War. [1] The battles were the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson , and they occurred in Tennessee on the Tennessee River and the Cumberland River , respectively.
In the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, the objective of the Union had been to advance and seize the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia.In the first two years of the war, four major attempts had failed: the first foundered just miles away from Washington, D.C., at the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) in July 1861.
The Confiscation Act of 1862, or Second Confiscation Act, was a law passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War. [1] This statute was followed by the Emancipation Proclamation , which President Abraham Lincoln issued "in his joint capacity as President and Commander-in-Chief".
Blue & Gray Navies: the Civil War Afloat. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-882-0. United States Department of the Navy, Naval History Department (1971). Civil War Naval Chronology, 1861–1865. Government Printing Office. Wise, Stephen R. (1988). Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running During the Civil War. University of ...
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5. Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website [permanent dead link ]. Foote ...
The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website. Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2, Fredericksburg to Meridian. New York: Random House, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9. Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. Urbana: University of ...