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Common primary cancers in metastatic spinal tumors includes breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. [1] [4] [8] It is important to diagnose and promptly treat metastatic tumors as they can lead to long-term neurologic deficit from epidural spinal cord compression. [1]
CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the central nervous system. [ 1 ] The process of tumour cells invading distant tissue is complex and obscure, but modern technology has permitted an enhanced detection of metastasis .
Spinal Cord Tumor Presentations. Pain is the first symptom in >90% of patients presenting with epidural metastasis and occurs less frequently with intradural tumors. [6] Mechanisms of pain include spinal cord ischemia and traction on the periosteum, dura, nearby soft tissues, and nerve roots. [6]
A central nervous system tumor (CNS tumor) is an abnormal growth of cells from the tissues of the brain or spinal cord. [1] CNS tumor is a generic term encompassing over 120 distinct tumor types. [2] Common symptoms of CNS tumors include vomiting, headache, changes in vision, nausea, and seizures. [3]
Secondary CNS tumors, or metastatic tumors, occur when cancer cells spread to the brain or spinal cord from a primary tumor in another part of the body. These tumors are more common than primary CNS tumors in adults and often originate from cancers of the lung, breast, skin, kidney, or colon. [7]
The most common causes of cord compression are tumors, but abscesses and granulomas (e.g. in tuberculosis) are equally capable of producing the syndrome. Tumors that commonly cause cord compression are lung cancer (non-small cell type), breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
However, indistinct tumor margins and the desire to preserve normal spinal cord tissue, motor and sensory function may preclude complete resection of tumor. According to a series by Lang et al., reviewing several patients with resected spinal cord ganglioglioma, the 5- and 10-year survival rates after total resection were 89% and 83% ...
It can occur anywhere within the spinal cord and cerebrum and can have multiple sites of origins, with a high probability of metastasis through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [1] [2] PNET has five subtypes of tumors: neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, medulloepithelioma, ependymoblastoma, and not otherwise specified PNET. [1]