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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
Using SHA-1 as a hash function, the password is stretched into a 128-bit key 50,000 times before opening the document; as a result, the time required to crack it is vastly increased, similar to PBKDF2, scrypt or other KDFs. [citation needed] Office 2010 employed AES and a 128-bit key, but the number of SHA-1 conversions doubled to 100,000. [4]
Per CNSSP-15, the 256-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-256, and AES with 128-bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Secret level, while the 384-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-384, and AES with 256-bit keys are necessary for the protection of Top Secret information.
The block transformation f, which is Keccak-f[1600] for SHA-3, is a permutation that uses XOR, AND and NOT operations, and is designed for easy implementation in both software and hardware. It is defined for any power-of-two word size, w = 2 ℓ bits. The main SHA-3 submission uses 64-bit words, ℓ = 6.
Hash function Security claim Best attack Publish date Comment GOST: 2 128: 2 105: 2008-08-18 Paper. [12]HAVAL-128 : 2 64: 2 7: 2004-08-17 Collisions originally reported in 2004, [13] followed up by cryptanalysis paper in 2005.
Windows (10+) macOS (11+) Linux Android (8.0+) iOS (14+) ChromeOS: Disabled by default Yes Yes No No No Yes (only desktop) Requires SHA-2 compatible OS [2] Needs ECC compatible OS [3] Not affected [10] Vulnerable (HTTPS) Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable (except Windows) Vulnerable Yes [n 10] 10–20 No [11] Yes Yes No No No Yes (only desktop ...
SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64. The output size in bits is given by the extension to the "SHA" name, so SHA-224 has an output size of 224 bits (28 bytes); SHA-256, 32 bytes; SHA-384, 48 ...
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Algorithm for computing a condensed representation of information FIPS PUB 180-4: Use SHA-384 or SHA-512 for all classification levels. Leighton-Micali Signature (LMS) Asymmetric algorithm for digitally signing firmware and software NIST SP 800-208: All parameters approved for all classification levels. SHA256/192 ...