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  2. Conservation of mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_mass

    The law can be formulated mathematically in the fields of fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics, where the conservation of mass is usually expressed using the continuity equation, given in differential form as + =, where is the density (mass per unit volume), is the time, is the divergence, and is the flow velocity field.

  3. Conservation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_law

    All of the conservation laws listed above are local conservation laws. A local conservation law is expressed mathematically by a continuity equation, which states that the change in the quantity in a volume is equal to the total net "flux" of the quantity through the surface of the volume. The following sections discuss continuity equations in ...

  4. Chemical law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_law

    The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that there is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction. Modern physics shows that it is actually energy that is conserved, and that energy and mass are related; a concept which becomes important in nuclear chemistry.

  5. Mass balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_balance

    The exact conservation law used in the analysis of the system depends on the context of the problem, but all revolve around mass conservation, i.e., that matter cannot disappear or be created spontaneously. [2]: 59–62 Therefore, mass balances are used widely in engineering and environmental analyses.

  6. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    For example, in the reaction CH 4 + 2 O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O, the stoichiometric number of CH 4 is −1, the stoichiometric number of O 2 is −2, for CO 2 it would be +1 and for H 2 O it is +2. In more technically precise terms, the stoichiometric number in a chemical reaction system of the i-th component is defined as

  7. Conservation of energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 January 2025. Law of physics and chemistry This article is about the law of conservation of energy in physics. For sustainable energy resources, see Energy conservation. Part of a series on Continuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion Laws ...

  8. Noether's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether's_theorem

    Noether's theorem states that every continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system with conservative forces has a corresponding conservation law.This is the first of two theorems (see Noether's second theorem) published by mathematician Emmy Noether in 1918. [1]

  9. Physical theories modified by general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_theories_modified...

    In classical mechanics, conservation laws for energy and momentum are handled separately in the two principles of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum. With the advent of special relativity, these two conservation principles were united through the concept of mass-energy equivalence .

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