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Group living provides the presence of social information within the group, allowing both male and female members to find and select potential mating partners. Alongside this, living in a group allows for higher reproductive success as individuals have access to a greater number of potential mates, and the possibility to choose between them. [1]
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another. This association is usually for mutual benefit such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey. [1] Colonies can form in various shapes and ways depending on the organism involved.
The choanoflagellates, animals and filastereans group together as the clade Filozoa. Within Filozoa, the choanoflagellates and animals group together as the clade Choanozoa . [ 13 ] Based on phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, the cladogram of Holozoa is shown below: [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 6 ] [ 2 ]
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms.
A multicellular organism is an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms. [1] All species of animals, land plants and most fungi are multicellular, as are many algae, whereas a few organisms are partially uni- and partially multicellular, like slime molds and social amoebae such as the genus Dictyostelium. [2] [3]
Different tissues make up an organ, like a lung. Organs work together to form an organ system, such as the Respiratory System. All of the organ systems make a living organism, like a lion. A group of the same organism living together in an area is a population, such as a pride of lions.
One criterion proposes that an organism cannot be divided without losing functionality. [6] This basil plant cutting is however developing new adventitious roots from a small bit of stem, forming a new plant. Among the criteria that have been proposed for being an organism are: autonomous reproduction, growth, and metabolism [7]
Animals that practice group-living often benefit from assistance in parasite removal, access to more mates, and conservation of energy in foraging. [50] Initially, the most obvious form of animal cooperation was kin selection , but more recent studies focus on non-kin cooperation, where benefits may seem less obvious.