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The proximal tubule as a part of the nephron can be divided into an initial convoluted portion and a following straight (descending) portion. [12] Fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries, including 80% of glucose, more than half of the filtered salt, water and all filtered ...
Each uriniferous tubule, along with the vasculature supplying it, is embedded in the interstitium. [ 13 ] Approximately 18–26 different cell types have been described in mammalian kidneys, with a large variation in the range due to a lack of consensus on what counts as a particular cell type, and likely to species differences. [ 100 ]
Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. In the first part of the nephron, Bowman's capsule filters blood from the circulatory system into the tubules. Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients facilitate ...
This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries. The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).
The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney is the portion of the nephron located between the macula densa region and the cortical collecting tubule. It consists of various subsegments that differ in structure and function, and it is responsible for reabsorbing 5-10% of filtered sodium and chloride under normal circumstances, as well as playing a ...
Uriniferous tubules: any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney; Uveoscleral pathway: a tubule that drains excess aqueous humor; Vasa efferentia: convoluted tubules that lead from the rete testis to the vas deferens and form the head of the epididymis [2]
Renal corpuscle showing glomerulus and glomerular capillaries Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it is the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of ...