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The Menelik Palace in Addis Ababa. For a period, Ethiopia lacked a permanent capital; instead, the royal encampment served as a roving capital. For a time Menelik's camp was on Mount Entoto, but in 1886, while Menelik was on campaign in Harar, Empress Taytu Betul camped at a hot spring to the south of Mount Entoto.
Emperor Haile Salassie enters Addis Ababa in 1946. The history of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, formally begins with the founding of the city in the 19th century by Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II and his wife Empress Taytu Betul. In its first years the city was more like a military encampment than a town.
Addis Ababa is a highly developed [9] and important cultural, artistic, financial and administrative center of Ethiopia. It is widely known as one of Africa's major capitals. [10] The founding history of Addis Ababa dates back to the late 19th century by Menelik II, Negus of Shewa, in 1886 after finding Mount Entoto unpleasant two years prior. [11]
Due to coldy and windy climate and the presence of hot spring in the area, Menelik along with his wife Taytu Betul founded Addis Ababa in 1886, and the founding history of the city primarily related to the political administration of the empire starting in 1877.
Shewa (Amharic: ሸዋ; Oromo: Shawaa; Somali: Shawa; Arabic: شيوا), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa (Scioà in Italian [1]), is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is located at its center.
Menelik promised to conquer Harar and turn the principal mosque into a church, saying "I will come to Harar and replace the Mosque by a Christian church. Await me." The Medihane Alam Church is proof Menelik kept his word. [47] [48] [49] In 1887 the Shewans sent another large force personally led by Menelik II to subjugate the Emirate of Harar.
In 1886, the land, then known as Finfinne, [citation needed] was renamed to Addis Ababa by Menelik II as the capital of Ethiopian Empire. [39] Under the Haile Selassie regime Oromo was banned from education, and use in administration. [28] [40] [41] The Amhara culture dominated throughout the eras of military and monarchic rule.
In 1896, the Ethiopian army defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa and Italy acknowledged Ethiopian sovereignty in the Treaty of Addis Ababa. [4] Menelik II rewarded Ilg with the title counselor in the range of an excellency in 1897 and, furthermore, named him minister of foreign affairs for the years 1897 to 1907.