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Steven Levy - Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution; Douglas Thomas - Hacker Culture; Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution; Suelette Dreyfus - Underground: Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier; Eric S. Raymond - The New Hacker's Dictionary; Sam Williams - Free as in Freedom; Bruce Sterling - The Hacker ...
C compilers for computers that use word addressing often use different representations for pointers to different types depending on their size. A pointer to a type that's large enough to fill a word will be a simple address, while a pointer such as char* or void* will be a wide pointer: a pair of the address of a word and the offset of a byte ...
This machine invented the principle of the modern computer and was the birthplace of the stored program concept that almost all modern day computers use. [52] These hypothetical machines were designed to formally determine, mathematically, what can be computed, taking into account limitations on computing ability.
Unlike modern digital computers, analog computers are not very flexible and need to be reconfigured (i.e., reprogrammed) manually to switch them from working on one problem to another. Analog computers had an advantage over early digital computers in that they could be used to solve complex problems using behavioral analogues while the earliest ...
A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analytical engine.While building the computer Z1 in 1936, Konrad Zuse described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the stored-program concept.
The common format allows substantial binary compatibility among different Unix systems operating on the same CPU architecture. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard was created to provide a reference directory layout for Unix-like operating systems; it has mainly been used in Linux.
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods.. The term unconventional computation was coined by Cristian S. Calude and John Casti and used at the First International Conference on Unconventional Models of Computation [1] in 1998.