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  2. Cognitive reframing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_reframing

    Therefore, distortion is a problem which may be solved by cognitive reframing. Yet another major distinguishing feature between cognitive reframing and cognitive restructuring is awareness. Cognitive reframing can happen subconsciously, while cognitive restructuring, something usually done under the guidance of a therapist, is conscious. [ 6 ]

  3. Framing effect (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_effect_(psychology)

    The framing effect is a cognitive bias in which people decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations. [1] Individuals have a tendency to make risk-avoidant choices when options are positively framed, while selecting more loss-avoidant options when presented with a negative frame.

  4. Problem shaping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_shaping

    Problem shaping means revising a question so that the solution process can begin or continue. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem solving . Problem shaping (or problem framing) often involves the application of critical thinking .

  5. Framing (social sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)

    Framing is a key component of sociology, the study of social interaction among humans. Framing is an integral part of conveying and processing data daily. Successful framing techniques can be used to reduce the ambiguity of intangible topics by contextualizing the information in such a way that recipients can connect to what they already know.

  6. Heuristic (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic_(psychology)

    Given a difficult, novel problem in these areas, people search for a more familiar, related problem (a "prototypical case") and apply its solution as the solution to the harder problem. According to Sunstein, the opinions of trusted political or religious authorities can serve as heuristic attributes when people are asked their own opinions on ...

  7. Frame analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_analysis

    prognostic framing to suggest solutions, strategies, and tactics to a problem; and motivational framing that serves as a call to arms or rationale for action. The relationship between the proposed frame and the larger belief system; centrality – the frame cannot be of low hierarchical significance and salience within the larger belief system.

  8. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    some involve a decision or judgment being affected by irrelevant information (for example the framing effect where the same problem receives different responses depending on how it is described; or the distinction bias where choices presented together have different outcomes than those presented separately), and

  9. Design thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_thinking

    An iterative, non-linear process, design thinking includes activities such as context analysis, user testing, problem finding and framing, ideation and solution generating, creative thinking, sketching and drawing, prototyping, and evaluating. Core features of design thinking include the abilities to: