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The oldest known source which mentions the name "Iceland" is an eleventh-century rune carving from Gotland. There is a possible early mention of Iceland in the book De mensura orbis terrae by the Irish monk Dicuil, dating to 825. [9] Dicuil claimed to have met some monks who had lived on the island of Thule. They said that darkness reigned ...
A map indicating the travels of the first Scandinavians in Iceland during the 9th century [1]. Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarsson (Old Norse: [ˈhrɑvnɑ-ˌfloːke ˈwilˌɡerðɑz̠ˌson]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈr̥apna-ˌflouːcɪ ˈvɪlˌcɛrðarˌsɔːn]; born 9th century) was a Norseman who intentionally sailed to Iceland.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge and adjacent plates. Volcanoes indicated in red.. In geological terms, Iceland is a young island. It started to form in the Miocene era about 20 million years ago from a series of volcanic eruptions on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where it lies between the North American Plate and Eurasian Plate.
Fjallkonan [ˈfjatl̥ˌkɔːnan], fem. with definite article—lady of the mountain, a figure representing Iceland [citation needed] Frón Icelandic pronunciation:, neu. – old Norse word for land, Iceland [citation needed] Heima á Fróni. Garðarshólmi [ˈkarðar̥sˌhoulmɪ], masc. – Iceland, named after Gardar Svavarsson [1]
It was named for Jólnir, a Norse god (usually identified as a second name for Odin). Jólnir's formation is closely linked to that of neighboring volcanic island, Surtsey , which emerged in 1963. Volcanic eruptions occurred in much of the surrounding water, but newly formed land was subject to erosion and many small islands washed away.
According to the Book of Settlements (Landnámabók), the settlement of Iceland began in 874, when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent Norwegian settler on the island. [6] [7] Over the next centuries, people of Norse and Celtic origin settled in Iceland. Early on, district assemblies were formed, but as the ...
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