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  2. Hydrohalogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrohalogenation

    A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer ...

  3. Halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenation

    The reaction typically involves free radical pathways. The regiochemistry of the halogenation of alkanes is largely determined by the relative weakness of the C–H bonds. This trend is reflected by the faster reaction at tertiary and secondary positions. Free radical chlorination is used for the industrial production of some solvents: [2]

  4. Syn and anti addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syn_and_anti_addition

    Example Classification notes (type of addition, molecule location, regiochemistry, stereochemistry, etc.) Hydrohalogenation: Can occur either in syn or anti addition fashion, depending on the solution it is in; 50% of each orientation. This reaction is considered Markovnikov because the halogen substituent attaches to the more substituted carbon.

  5. Alkene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene

    Example of hydrohalogenation: addition of HBr to an alkene. Hydrohalogenation involves addition of H−X to unsaturated hydrocarbons. This reaction results in new C−H and C−X σ bonds. The formation of the intermediate carbocation is selective and follows Markovnikov's rule. The hydrohalogenation of alkene will result in haloalkane. The ...

  6. Haloalkane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloalkane

    For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes that contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer , but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases .

  7. Grignard reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grignard_reaction

    A solution of a carbonyl compound is added to a Grignard reagent. (See gallery) An example of a Grignard reaction (R 2 or R 3 could be hydrogen). The Grignard reaction (French:) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which, according to the classical definition, carbon alkyl, allyl, vinyl, or aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) are added to the carbonyl groups of either an aldehyde or ...

  8. Allyl bromide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyl_bromide

    Allyl bromide (3-bromopropene) is an organic halide.It is an alkylating agent used in synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes [2] and other organic compounds. Allyl bromide is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples appear yellow or brown.

  9. Markovnikov's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovnikov's_rule

    Free-radical intermediate is stabilized by hyperconjugation; adjacent occupied sigma C–H orbitals donate into the electron-deficient radical orbital. A new method of anti-Markovnikov addition has been described by Hamilton and Nicewicz, who utilize aromatic molecules and light energy from a low-energy diode to turn the alkene into a cation ...